A
GIS is mapping software that links information about where things
are with information about what things are like. Unlike with a paper
map, where "what you see is what you get," a GIS map can combine many
layers of information.
To
use a paper map, all you do is unfold it. Spread out before you is
a representation of cities and roads, mountains and rivers, railroads
and political boundaries. The cities are represented by little dots
or circles, the roads by black lines, the mountain peaks by tiny triangles,
and the lakes by small blue areas.
As on the paper map, a digital map created by GIS will have dots,
or points, that represent features on the map such as cities; lines
that represent features such as roads; and small areas that represent
features such as lakes. The difference is that this information comes from a database and
is shown only if the user chooses to show it. The database stores
where the point is located, how long the road is, and even how many
square miles a lake occupies.